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Testosterones profile
Testosterone
The Features
Time for action: 3 days (fluticasone), 8 days (enanthate) 14 days (cypionate)
Reported Dosage: 200-2000mg per week
Aromatize: yes (using a bloquiador estrogen for prevention)
Converted into DHT: yes (and possibly the bloquiamento Finesterida with DHT)
Acne: Yes
Water retention: yes (can be prevented with supplementation)
High Blood Pressure: Yes (artrial only increases the pressure in high doses, but can be avoided with the use of diuretics.)
Inhibits the HPT axis: very
Hepatotoxic: no (only in methylated)
History
In Paris, a doctor for 72 years said that his colleagues had discovered a treatment to rejuvenate the body and mind. He said that among several benefits, had increased his physical strength and intellectual performance. To achieve these results, whatever the doctor needed to do was inject a liquid extracted from the testicles of dogs and guinea pigs. This was Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard in 1889, despite not knowing the existence of testosterone, testified that this "internal secretion" (a term used to refer to the fluid that was administered) had a number of benefits when injected into the body human. However, at the time, experts in the field did not give much credit to Charles-Edouard, and claimed that the positive effects achieved by him were simply the result of auto-suggestion.Unfortunately, Charles was led astray by the jeers of his colleagues and left their research in this field (1).
Almost 40 years later, in 1927, Fred Koch found that animals were castrated remasculinizados after receiving a substance isolated from beef testicles.However, the work for isolating this substance was huge, making it almost impossible to get sufficient quantities for studies in humans. At that time, it took more than 80kg of bovine testicles to extract about 20 mg of the substance.However, interests were behind this discovery, especially large pharmaceutical companies like Schering, Organon, and Ciba. In 30 years, these three companies started work on a large-scale research in this area, culminating in the identification of the testosterone molecule by Organon in May 1935. Also in 1935, the month of August, two methods for the synthesis of testosterone from cholesterol were developed, one by one by Butenandt and Ruzicka. To illustrate the enormity of this achievement, we must remember that both won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their discoveries.
The Effects
Much confusion is made when it comes to testosterone, and much of it comes from the countless number of esters of this drug that are available today. For the effects of testosterone and its esters are better understood, we must understand that all esterified testosterone (testosterone propionate, testosterone cypionate, etc.) is a prodrug, ie, an inactive susbtância to be metabolized in the body after injection, producing active metabolites that will provide the desired effects. In other words, the esterified testosterone does not promote any effect. Thus, it is necessary that the testosterone ester is separated from her for her exercise of any function in the body. This fact led many authors and users to believe that the ester linked to testosterone would be responsible only for changing the half-life, so that the effects of testosterone would be the same, regardless of which was the ester (2). This belief originated the famous phrase as "testosterone is testosterone." However, in practice, the use of esters different results in different effects, and this difference of action is well known for several decades, both for users and by some researchers who are interested in the subject. However, testosterone, testosterone remains and most of its effects are common to all the esters. Thus, the common effects of testosterone are listed and then the differences arising from different esters. So let's get to.
Testosterone promotes muscle building through a series of distinct mechanisms increasing nitrogen retention, which is the primary indicator of the anabolic power of a drug, testosterone provides more material for muscles to be built (3).Testosterone is also responsible for increasing the production of GH and IGF-1 (4) (5), two substances that play a fundamental role in muscle anabolism, the latter being closely linked to the process of hyperplasia, showing the effects of testosterone on the maturation of satellite cells (7), whether for repair of muscle tissue or the formation of new fibers. In addition, testosterone acts as an antagonist of glucocorticoids, making this a great anti-catabolic (owned cycles especially important in defining when a user is in a calorie deficit. Speaking of setting, testosterone also binds very well to androgen receptors, promoting fat loss (9). The connection with the androgen receptor is also responsible for increased synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen (10), which results in a more intense workout and better recovery after training. Increasing the amount of red blood cells (11), testosterone increases vascular resistance and aerobic exercise. Besides the many benefits associated with aesthetics and performance, testosterone can prevent (or delay) Alzheimer's disease, strokes and heart attacks, showing also a number of positive effects on memory, appetite, mood, bones, nerves and motor units (17-20).
With all of these mechanisms acting simultaneously, many consider testosterone as the basis for any cycle. Although there are some cases where testosterone may not necessarily be applied, those who choose to put a stronger drug in your cycle should certainly opt for testosterone. In fact, testosterone is the best cost effective option available, and if we compare the absolute results we see that few drugs have the same potential as testosterone. The versatility of testosterone causes it can be applied in both cycles as defined in cycles of volume. However, different testosterone esters provide for different properties, especially regarding the conversion of testosterone into estrogen, so that even being applied testosterone in any cycle, some esters to meet some objectives better than others.
The esters
Initially, the esterification was created to make use of a drug more comfortable.Increasing the release time, the ester makes the user having to administer the drug at intervals of time, or do less in the same general time period. Considering that testosterone is usually administered by deep intramuscular injection, the esterification saves users a few moments of pain and discomfort. However, those who had the opportunity to use different testosterone esters are adamant that the shorter esters (propionate and) have different action of the longer esters (enanthate and cypionate like). According to these users, testosterone propionate back more quality muscle and moderate weight gain, while the enanthate or testosterone cypionate promote greater weight gain in general, though most of it is water retention, which in turn reduces the muscle quality. This empirical knowledge has established over the years, so it is natural to hear recommendations on short esters in cycles of definition and esters of long cycles in volume. Although there were no scientific studies proving these differences, the simple observation of the results would already be a sufficient basis to support the application of different esters in cycles, with different objectives.
The core difference between the actions of the ester is the rate that it gives the flavor of testosterone. One study found that longer ester lead to greater presence of estrogen in the body that shorter esters (12). The same study shows that individuals subjected to short esters also had higher sperm counts, recovery of the HPT axis faster, and worse lipid profile when compared to individuals who were exposed to long esters. Knowing that estrogen is a major suppressor of the HPT axis and acts positively on the lipid profile, is easy to see that the latter parameters result from a lower rate of aromatization by short esters. Although the present study was conducted with monkeys (Macaca fasicularis), the results converge with the empirical knowledge that has accumulated through years of experience of users. So, with less estrogen in the body, the short esters promote improvement in muscle quality of the user, since the water retention with testosterone esters is usually mild shorter or even nonexistent.
However, the long esters also has its advantages. Although impaired muscle quality thanks to fluid retention due to the high level of estrogen esters are higher than long when the item is nitrogen retention (13). In addition, estrogen also has anabolic properties, since this hormone stimulates the production of GH and IGF-1 (14) (15) (16), increases the concentration of androgen receptors and acts positively on the mechanisms of glucose utilization by muscles (10). Thus, the presence of a high amount of estrogen may be beneficial for muscle building.
Another difference between the esters lies on its molecular weight. Although very important, this factor is often overlooked by most users. As the molecular weight of the ester directly influence the amount of testosterone that will be released in the body, the weight of the ester should be considered when dosing cycle is established. Thus, the longer the ester linked to testosterone, less testosterone is released into the bloodstream, thus requiring a greater amount of testosterone esterified to achieve a certain dosage. To better illustrate this concept, let's take the example of two cycles, one with 500 mg of testosterone propionate per week and the other with 500 mg of testosterone enanthate per week. Cited in cycles, they are both using equal amounts of esterified testosterone, giving a false impression that the amount of testosterone administered is equal in both situations. However, in the cycle with testosterone propionate, the molecular weight of the ester is about 20% of the total amount given week, while in the cycle containing testosterone enanthate, this percentage rises to 30%. Thus, the first cycle has somewhere around 400mg of testosterone per week. The second cycle has only 350mg of testosterone per week. It is therefore important that the user to adjust the amount of testosterone ester, to be administered according to the weight of the ester. For purposes of further calculations, for each linked to 100mg of testosterone propionate esters, enanthate and cypionate, you will have respectively 83.7mg, 69.9mg and 69.6mg of pure testosterone.
The Use
Out of habit, it was agreed among most users that the minimum dosage for the administration of exogenous testosterone offers significant results is 500mg per week. However, users with less experience and training time can achieve impressive results even with lower doses, as 200-300mg per week, since these people tend to be lighter and have a history of AAS reduced or nonexistent.Whereas the human body (male) naturally produces about 50mg of testosterone a week, even a small dosage and offers an amount of 200mg four times more testosterone than normal. However, more advanced users seem to need higher doses to obtain significant results, and the dosage normally used by these people is between 500 and 1g. Still, there are users who opt for high doses, reaching 1.5 g or 2g.
The properties of testosterone do with it can be applied in any course, whatever the purpose. As you may have noticed so far, some esters apply better in some cycles. To define the cycles of short esters such as testosterone propionate, are a better option because it results in less estrogen. To maximize the results of the cycle, an aromatase inhibitor is necessary, reducing the maximum flavor, so that we can harness the full potential of testosterone in the question of burning fat. In cycles with this objective, more androgenic drugs and nonaromatizing may be linked to testosterone, such as trenbolone or drostonolona, or even with a more anabolic drugs, such as stanozolol. Short esters can also be applied in cycles that aim to increase muscle mass without loss of quality, since a slight increase in estrogen level is acceptable and welcome this type of cycle. For cycles to pursue this goal, nonaromatizing drugs (such as stanozolol, oxandrolone, trenbolone, etc.) or that has low rate of aromatization (as boldenone and nandrolone phenylpropionate) are options that tend to maximize results. Cycles that seek to increase volume, long esters (enanthate, cypionate, etc.) bring best results, since they provide greater nitrogen retention and high conversion rate into estrogen promotes muscle building. Drugs such as oxymetholone, methandrostenolone, and nandrolone decanoate are valid options to combine with testosterone in the great cycles that aim to increase muscle mass.
The Side
As the mother of all drugs other anabolic steroids, testosterone androgen given the value 100, and this value is used as a parameter to stipulate the androgenic potential of all other drugs. So when you come across an androgenic drug whose value is 200, that means it is two times more androgenic than testosterone.Although the value of the androgen testosterone is much lower than for other drugs such as trenbolone (androgen value 500), it can cause side effects such as oily skin, acne and hair loss. In addition, testosterone is reduced by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, leading to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is a more androgenic AAS that testosterone itself. Other androgenic side of nature as the aggressive behavior can also arise during a cycle containing testosterone.
Because it is converted into estrogen when in contact with the enzyme aromatase, as side water retention, increased blood pressure and gynecomastia are possible. It is important to note that, as noted earlier, short esters tend to cause fewer side effects than the original estrogen esters long as it results in lower levels of estrogen. Thus, users more sensitive to estrogenic side should opt for short esters like propionate, to avoid future complications. However, paradoxically, some people are sensitive to quick action by the short esters (22), and those who belong to this group tend to report fever, fatigue and lack of willingness to train and eat properly.
During the use of exogenous testosterone, the HPT axis is quickly deleted (2), being necessary to the proper homework in order to minimize the crash at the end of the hormonal cycle. The lipid profile can also be changed in cycles containing testosterone. A study of 61 healthy men, where we used different doses of testosterone over 20 weeks showed a reduction in HDL proportional to the dosage used, concluding that this is a dose-dependent side (21).
WITHDRAWN FROM STE vigorexia
References
1. The History of Synthetic Testosterone; February 1995, Scientific American Magazine; by Hoberman, Yesalis; 6 Page (s)
2. William Llewellyn, Anabolics 2006
3. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol 82, No. 11 3710-3719
4. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol 90, No. 3 1613-1617
5. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282: E601-E607, 2002
6. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E154-E164, 2002
7. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004 May; 7 (3) :271-7
8. J Lab Clin Med 1995 Mar; 125 (3) :326-33
9. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2004 Oct; 5 (5) :459-70
10. L Rea, Building the Perfect Beast, 2003
11. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2003, 9 (4) :248-51
12. Journal of Andrology, Vol 24, No. 5, September / October 2003
13. J Am Geriatr Soc 1954 May; 2 (5) :293-8 .. PMID: 13162731
14. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:996-1001
15. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1217-1223
16. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3414-3420
17. Heart. 2004 Aug; 90 (:871-6
18. Pol J Pharmacol. 2004 Sep-Oct; 56 (5) :509-18
19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5; 99 (3) :1140-5. Epub 2002 Jan 22
20.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001 May; 56 (5): M266-72
21. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Dec; 281 (6): E1172-81
22. L Rea, Chemical Muscle Enhancement, 2002
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